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a (No ModelJ G. MARGHAND.

MANUFAG'TURB 0F BINOXIDES 0F BARIUM AND GAILVGIUYM. No. 267,551. Patented Nov. 14. 1882.

N. PETERS. Plmmum m hnr. Washington. 0.0

' llnrrnn STATES PATENT @rrrcn CHARLES MAROHAND, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANUFACTURE OF BINOXIDES OF BAR IUM AND CALCIUM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 267,551, dated November 14, 1882.

Application filed July 6, 1882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES MARCHAND, of New York city, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Manufacture of Binoxides of Barium and Calcium, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification.

This invention has reference to the manufacture of the anhydrous binoxides of the metals of the alkaline earths, barium and calcium, for use in making hydrogen peroxide and for other purposes.

It has long been known that barium monoxide or baryta (BaO) when exposed to a current of air or of oxygen at a low red heat becomes converted into barium binoxide (BaO by absorption of oxygen. The same reaction I have found to take place with calcium monoxide or lime, (0210.)

The present invention utilizes the above reaction by new methods and means, so that the manufacture of the binoxide can be carried on with greater facility, economy, and efficiency.

In the accompanying drawings is represented an improved apparatus for effectin g the desired conversion, Figure 1 being a vertical longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a cross-section.

A is a retort set horizontally in a furnace similar to those in common use in gas-works, or in a furnace adapted to be heated by the wastegases from a rcverberating-furnace. The retort is made of cast-iron or of other suitable material. The front end (left-hand, Fig. 1) is closed by a cover, B. held in placelike the covers of gas-rctorts. The rear (right-hand) end mayin like manner be closed by a removable cover, or the end wall may be cast with the body of the retort. At a short distance from the rear end wall is a partition, 0, cast in one piece withtheretort. Asmallchamheristhusformed, with which the inlet-pipe D communicates. A small opening, a, at the bottom of the partition C puts the rear chamber in communication with the body of the retort. At the front end of the retort A is an outlet-pipe, E, provided with a cook or valve, F.

G is the vessel for receiving the baryta or lime. It is separate from the retort, and fits loosely therein, so that it may freely be inserted orrenioved. Thisvessel, whiohmaybeof sheetiron, has a perforated false bottom or partition,

(No model.)

H, and is provided also with a detachable cover, I. An opening, I), is made through the rear wall of the vessel, and it is so placed that when the vessel G is pushed back into the. retort the two openings a bcoincide, and the smallchamber at the rear of the retort is put in communication with the space under the perforated false bottom or partition H. In the front of the cover I is a hole, 0, opening into the front of the retort. Gas admitted through the pipe D will thus be delivered under the partition or false bottom, will pass up through the ma terial thereon, and will pass oft" by the outlet E, or it may be confined to the retort by closing the cook or valve F. or anhydrous lime having been obtained in a porous condition by any known suitable process-as, for example, by heating barium nitrate or calcium carbonate-4s broken into small lumps and is placed in the vessel to the height, say, of two-thirds, less or more, no particular height being essential. The retort being broughtto the propertemperature,about1,00() to 1,100 Fahrenheit, and the cover B being removed, the vessel G, with its contents, is inserted into the retort until its rear wall is in contact with the partition (J. The cover B be ing replaced, ozonized air or ozonized oxygen is then admitted through the inletpipe D. During the first part of the operation the cook or valve F is opened to allow the contained air to be driven off. If ozonized oxygen is used, the cook or valve is then closed, and the oxygen is admitted until the baryta or lime is saturated aud converted into barium or calcium binoxide. If ozonized air is used, the cock or valve F is left part way open to allow the nitrogen to escape.

To prepare the oxygen or air, the impurities-such as carbonic acid and water-are removed by passing over lime and over hygroscopic materials, and the air or oxygen is then ozonized by any known or suitable means.

As the production of the ozone forms no part of the present invention, it is unnecessary to describe it here. It may be said, however, that it has been found effective to ozonize the air by electric discharge through the air or pure oxygen in the dark.

Any desired pressure may be maintained in the retort, but a pressure of three inches of Anhydrous baryta water gives good results. Ordinarily about four to eight hours are required to saturate the baryta, and seven to fourteen hours to saturate lime. The completion of the operation may be ascertained by testing the escaping gas for oxygen, the pressure of which should be ascertained by proper means.

After the operation is finished, inflow of air and oxygen is shut off, the cover B is removed, the vessel Gris withdrawn, and the binoxide of barium or calcium is removed, and the vessel filled with a new supply of baryta or lime and introduced, the cover B is replaced, the ozonized air or oxygen again admitted, and the operation proceeds as before.

Modifications may be made. in the details without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, in place of a horizontal retort, as shown, a vertical one may be used, the oxidating agent being introduced at the bottom beneath a perforated false bottom in the receptacle containing the material to be peroxidated.

Instead of using ozonized air or oxygen, ordiuary pure air or oxygen may be employed but in such case it is obvious that thelirst part of the invention, which consists in subjecting the baryta or lime to ozonized oxygen or 020- nized air, is not employed. \Vith ozone a superior product is obtained.

No claim is made herein broadly to converting baryta or lime into binoxide by means of ordinary air or.oxygen, as this, as already pointed out, has long been done, nor is any claim made to passing air through baryta or lime supported on a perforated shelf in a retort and kept at a red heat, as this is also old.

Having now fully described my said invention and the manner of carrying the sameinto efcect, I claim the new improvements herein described, all and several, to wit:

1. The method of making barium or calcium binoxide by subjecting baryta or lime to the action of ozonized oxygen or ozonized air, substantially as described.

2. The method ofmaking barium or calcium binoxide by charging the baryta or limeinto a receptacle, inserting said receptacle and its contents into a retort, heating the baryta or lime to a red heat, subjecting it to the action of an oxidating agent, and removing the said receptacle and the contained binoxide from the retort, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a retort having an inlet for admitting an oxidating agent, of the independent receptacle provided with a perforated partition or false bottom, the said retort and receptacle being constructed and arranged substantially as shown and described, so that the oxidating agent may be admitted through said inlet under the said perforated partition or false bottom of the receptacle inserted in said retort, substantially as described.

4. The retort provided with a removable cover, an interior partition, an inlet, and an outlet, in combination with the vessel adapted for insertion into said retort and provided with a cover and perforated false bottom, substantially as described.

In testimony whereofI have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

CHAS. MARGHAND.

Witnesses:

H. S. MARSTON, W. S. Warroomn. 

